How To Write A Synthesis Essay Outline, with Example

How To Write A Synthesis Essay Outline, with Example Writing  a Synthesis Essay Outline Introduction writing Thesis writing Main body writing Conclusion writing Outline example On many occasions, students begin tackling their essay assignments before establishing the various attributes that differentiate essays. It is essential, first of all, to understand the various types of papers that exist and their main features before one begins handling their assignment. A synthesis essay can be described as any written work that seeks to make connections between different parts of a paper with the ultimate goal of presenting a unique theme, topic, or viewpoint. Synthesis essays always use a wide range of sources and this helps to support the author’s claim or stance on a particular topic or theme. The expectation here is that the sources will guide the writers in identifying the connection that exists between different sources from whence a solid theme, viewpoint or perspective will be formed. The implication here is that synthesis essays require a lot of research and students should be prepared for such work. Some students are often in the habit of assuming that this type of essays are out-rightly argumentative essays. However, as it will be discussed below, argumentative essays are only a type of synthesis essays. Therefore, it is essential to understand the differing aspects of all essays for one to be able to write a relevant article. Types of Synthesis Essay There are three types of synthesis essays. Details of each are shown below: 1. Argument Argument synthesis essays are a type of assignment  where the author seeks to present their stance or viewpoint, and supports it using facts from relevant sources. The facts provided to help enhance the author’s stance are often arranged in a logical manner. In most occasions, writers develop different thesis statements despite writing about the same topic. The above is allowed because the argument presented is individual and thus opens to interpretation. There can hence be two different theses from the same topic, and each is declared as an excellent work. 2. Review A review is simply described as a discussion of research that was done in the past. However, unlike regular literature reviews, it also entails a critical analysis of the source used. Its main goal is to affirm the need for more research on a particular topic. It thus seeks to determine the loopholes or the shortcomings of previous research discussions. 3. Explanatory Explanatory essays are also known as background synthesis essays. Unlike the argumentative that requires the author to have a stance, here, the author is only required to present facts about an object, state of affairs, or even a place to further the readers’ understanding. The goal or thesis is not as pronounced as when one is dealing with an argument essay because the author’s focus shifts to objectively organizing and presenting facts. In an argument paper, writers can go beyond the sources reading, when they are trying to make their stance clear. However, in an explanatory synthesis essay, authors are not expected to go beyond the facts that are in the sources provided. Structure of a  Synthesis Essay The first important, but overly forgotten bit is the topic selection. Before a writer thinks of an essay structure, it is essential to ensure that tips concerning topic selection are clear. There is one tip that is almost in every online guide, and it entails the selection of a topic that one is familiar with. The above is vital, or necessary, and will help writers to save time especially during the research. Once the topic is established and decided, the next bit involves the structure of the essay. Like all other essays, the synthesis essay has three main parts: the introduction, the main body, and finally the conclusion. Each section needs to follow certain steps and writers need to be familiar with these steps. Below are some tips on how each part needs to be written: Tips concerning introduction writing An introduction presents the readers with a brief discussion of the topic under review. Here, authors need to be creative and ensure that they capture their audiences’ interest, lest they lose them before they even make time to read the rest of the essay. The issue or topic or theme to be discussed should hence be clearly outlined and the author’s stance should be established in the introduction. Tips on thesis writing A thesis is the author’s main idea or perspective and must always be developed before commencing any work on the perfect essay. It is indeed illogical to develop one’s thesis without first reading the sources. Writers must first read the sources provided and then formulate their opinions on the subject or topic. On most occasions, a thesis statement is included in the introduction as the last sentence. Tips on body paragraphs (length, paragraphs, transition words) Synthesis essays often take after the five-paragraph structure and unless stated otherwise, most have five to seven paragraphs as well as six sentences in each paragraph. Transition words help to indicate that the author is on a different point. In some occasions, readers are left to find the points or themselves, and some end up getting mixed up and never even identifying a single point. Transitional words, for example, firstly, subsequently, additionally, etc. help to notify the readers that the author has moved on to the next point. Each paragraph must have a topic sentence, and these help building on the author’s thesis statement. An explanation of the topic sentence is also of the essence. Evidence from the sources used must also be provided, and the significance of whichever source must also be included. Tips on conclusion writing A conclusion can be said to be the easiest of these sections because the author is only expected to state the importance of their stance or viewpoint and provide a summary of the points discussed. While in most occasions authors finish their work flatly, in a synthesis essay one is supposed to be creative and include an ending that will elicit some thoughts from the audience. Example of Outline on Synthesis Essay about Global Warming Introduction Definition of global warming. Briefly mentioning some of the causes of global warming, for example, deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, increase in pollution levels, and industrialization. Mention some of the effects of global warming, for example, an increase in temperature, increase in sea levels which subsequently leads to flooding, etc. Thesis statement –assert that the world’s temperature level is rising and that the world needs to work together to help reduce the rate at which the temperature levels are rising. Main Body Paragraph 1–Mention IPCC’s assertion that the world’s sea levels will rise by 7 – 23 inches by the end of the current century. Include why this is important and will help build on the thesis statement. Paragraph 2 –The rise in temperature by 1.4 Fahrenheit degrees since 1880. Provide evidence of the above and mention the significance of this point. Paragraph 3 –The rapid melting of ice in the Arctic and the expectation that the region will soon have an ice free summer. Paragraph 4 –The rapid melting of glaciers with the consequence being increased in the sea levels. How is this point relevant to the thesis statement? Author needs to provide sufficient evidence of this fact. Paragraph 5 –Include the fact that the last two decades of the 20th century have been the hottest in the last 400 years. Evidence must be provided and this point’s relevance included. Conclusion A reassertion that the world’s temperature is steadily rising and how the world needs to be up in arms and strive to forge a way forward. A summary of the points provided in the main body. A question or an open discussion of how the world keeps drawing lines and keeping each other at arm’s length instead of fighting together to help stop the prospect of having to deal with the after-effects of global warming.

Biography of Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th U.S. President

Biography of Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th U.S. President Lyndon Baines Johnson (Aug. 27, 1908–Jan. 22, 1973) was a fourth-generation Texas rancher, who became the 36th President of the United States on the death of his predecessor John F. Kennedy. He inherited a painfully divided country and is known both for his failures in Vietnam and his successes with civil rights. Fast Facts: Lyndon B. Johnson Known For: 36th President of the United StatesBorn:  August 27, 1908, Stonewall, Texas.  Parents: Rebekah Baines (1881–1958) and Samuel Ealy Johnson, Jr. (1877–1937).Died: January 22, 1973, Stonewall, Texas.Education: Southwest Texas State Teachers College (BS, 1930), studied law at Georgetown University from 1934–35.Spouse: Claudia Alta Lady Bird Taylor (1912–2007).Children: Lynda Bird Johnson (b. 1944), Luci Baines Johnson (b. 1947). Early Life Lyndon Johnson was born on Aug. 27, 1908, on his fathers ranch in rural southwestern Texas, the first of four children born to Samuel Ealy Johnson, Jr. and Rebekah Baines. His father was a politician, farmer, and broker, and  Rebekah was a journalist who graduated from Baylor University in 1907- a very rare circumstance. When Lyndon was born, his politician father was concluding his second term on the Texas legislature: His parents would go on to have four more children, three girls, and a boy. Johnson was a fourth-generation Texan: at the age of forty, Johnsons great-grandfather Robert Holmes Bunton came to what was then the Republic of Texas in 1838 to be a cattleman.   Lyndon worked throughout his youth to earn money for the family. His mother taught him to read at an early age. He went to local public schools, graduating from high school in 1924. He spent three years traveling around and working at odd jobs before going to the Southwest Texas State Teachers College in San Marcos. Introduction to Politics While Johnson was in college, he worked as a gofer for the president of Southwest Texas State, and he was the summer editor of the student paper. He used his credentials to attend his first Democratic convention in 1928,in Houston, with his then-current girlfriend, who ended the relationship shortly afterward.   Johnson dropped out of school to take a teaching job in a Mexican school in the Cotulla School District, where he was determined to build a sense of hope in the beaten-down children. He developed extracurricular activities, arranged a parent-teacher group, held spelling bees and organized a band, a debate club and baseball and softball games. After a year he left and returned to San Marcos and finished his degree in August of 1930.   During the depression, his family was hit hard. Johnson was a volunteer for Welly Hopkins, who was running for the state senate, and he obtained a job teaching public speaking and business arithmetic in Houston. But a position as what would today be called a staff director for a newly elected Texas congressman Richard Kleberg opened up, and Johnson was tapped to fill it. He arrived in Washington DC on Dec. 7, 1931, which is where he made his home for most of the next 37 years. Marriage and Family As Klebergs secretary, Johnson made several trips to and from Texas, and it was on one of those trips that he met Claudia Alta Taylor (1912–2007), known as Lady Bird, the daughter of a well-to-do Texas rancher, and holding degrees in journalism and history from Baylor University. They married on Nov. 17, 1934. Together they had two daughters:  Lynda Bird Johnson (born 1944) and Luci Baines Johnson (b. 1947). Political Career and Presidency While in Washington, Johnson lobbied hard for more power, making a few enemies and not finding much success. He was offered a partnership in an Austin Law firm if he obtained a law degree, and so he enrolled in evening classes at Georgetown University. But it didnt suit him and after a year he dropped out.   When he was named the Director of National Youth Administration in Texas (1935–37), he left Klebergs office. Building on that, Johnson was elected as a U.S. Representative where he served from 1937–49. While a congressman, he joined the navy to fight in World War II. He was awarded the Silver Star. In 1949, Johnson was elected to the U.S. Senate, becoming the Democratic Majority Leader in 1955. He served until 1961 when he became Vice-President under John F. Kennedy. On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy was assassinated and Johnson took over as president. The next year he was nominated to run for the Democratic Party for the presidency with Hubert Humphrey as his vice-president. He was opposed by Barry Goldwater. Johnson refused to debate Goldwater. and easily won with 61 percent of the popular vote and 486 of the electoral votes. Events and Accomplishments Johnson created the Great Society programs, which included antipoverty programs, civil rights legislation, the creation of Medicare and Medicaid, the passage of some environmental protection acts, and the creation of laws to help protect consumers. Three important pieces of  Civil Rights  legislation signed into law by Johnson were as follows: 1. The  Civil Rights Act of 1964, which did not allow  discrimination in employment  or in the use of public facilities. 2. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, which outlawed discriminatory practices that kept blacks from voting. 3. The  Civil Rights Act of 1968, which outlawed discrimination for housing. Also during Johnsons administration,  Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in 1968. For her part, Lady Bird was a huge proponent of the beautification program to try and improve the way America looked. She was also quite a savvy businesswoman.  She was awarded the Medal of Freedom by President Gerald Ford and the  Congressional Gold Medal by President Ronald Reagan. The  Vietnam War  escalated during Johnsons administration. Troop levels which started with 3,500 in 1965 reached 550,000 by 1968. America was divided in support of the war. America, in the end, did not have a chance of winning. In 1968, Johnson announced he would not run for reelection in order to spend time to get peace in Vietnam. However, peace would not be achieved until  President Nixons  administration. Death and Legacy Johnson retired on January 20, 1969, to his ranch in Texas. He did not return to politics. He died on January 22, 1973, of a heart attack. Johnsons legacy includes his costly error in escalating the war in Vietnam in a vain attempt to win it and the fact that he eventually had to turn to peace when the U.S. was unable to achieve victory. He is also remembered for his Great Society policies where Medicare, Medicaid, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed among other programs. Sources Caro, Robert A. The Passage of Power: The Years of Lyndon Johnson. New York: Random House, 2012.  Ã‚  -. The Path to Power: The Years of Lyndon Johnson. New York: Random House, 1990.Goodwin, Doris Kearns. Lyndon Johnson and the America Dream. New York: Open Road Media, 2015Peters, Charles. Lyndon B. Johnson: The American Presidents Series: The 36th President, 1963–1969. New York: Henry Holt, 2010.

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Writer's choice - Essay Example The customer coming into a store, the average number of the customer to walk in Starbuck within a period of one hour is 32. This is however based on the average as the first hour, one customer may enter while the second hour 8 customer may enter and the value may continue to vary with passing each hour. Therefore, the Poisson distribution model helps us to get an estimate of the customer will enter within the given hours. The data will be given by the chance of an event happening, multiplied by the average raised to the power of X, multiplied by the natural number; e raised in the –ve of the average power which is again divided by the factorial of X. Kevin is one of the team members who arguably have a taste for shopping. In this case we are going to monitor the patterns of her online shopping using eBay as the study area. The information obtained from his online shopping habits will be used to project an analysis that will illustrate when likely Kevin will go shopping online. Averagely, the time Kevin goes for shopping online is 2. 6. This includes the average of the time when he would go for long hour and those he goes for just a short time. Having this data, it can be easy for us to determine the likely hood that he will go in the 2, 3, 4 or 5 hours. Jack is fond of using the word â€Å"right† whenever he wants to drive his point home. I think it also gives him the confidence and the power of conviction whenever he is having a chat with the rest of the members of the class. Using the Poisson distribution model, we can estimate the likelihood that he is going to use the word â€Å"right† in his conversation. As from the previous examples, In case of Starbuck Hotel, the data can be of importance in determining the amount of beverages and snacks to prepare. From the observations, the clients are more likely to come in the afternoon and evening hours. Besides, the

How and Why Did Korean Immigration Begin to the US, Southeast Research Paper

How and Why Did Korean Immigration Begin to the US, Southeast Immigrants as Refugees - Research Paper Example During the first wave, Koreans immigrated to Hawaii because of national problems in Korea, specifically, famine, heavy taxes, the epidemic of cholera, and government corruption. Some of the hardships they experienced as immigrants were poverty, racial discrimination, and social alienation. In order to adjust in Hawaii, these first-wave Korean immigrants resisted integration and assimilation through 1) creating Korean language schools in 1945, 2) establishing churches and patriotic organizations, and 3) following a government-in-exile model. Second-wave Korean immigrants were mostly Korean War brides, orphans, and students who immigrated to the U.S. because of the Korean War. Several hardships that they experienced were: 1) for the Korean brides, culture shock, language and cultural differences, isolation, and alienation; 2) for the Korean orphans, some concerns for dual identity; and 3) alienation for Korean students. Korean brides coped through connecting with fellow Koreans when su ch friendships were accessible and integrating and assimilating for the Korean orphans and students. Third-wave Korean immigrants went to the U.S. because they are searching for better economic and educational opportunities since the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 made it easier for them to immigrate too. Some of the problems they experienced were: 1) cultural and language differences, 2) changes in gender roles, 3) conflicts in norms and values, 4)   attaining a healthy identity in white mainstream culture, and 4) preserving local values, beliefs, and practices (121). To ease their adjustment, some of the things that the Koreans did were: 1) create ethnic communities where ethnic and language differences can be erased because of the preservation of local values and language; 2) establish Christian churches that retain local norms and values; 3) preserve family and kinship ties by decreasing multiracial contacts; 4) participate in non-ethnic organizations; and 5) use h ard work ethics in attaining success.  

Attractive Nuisance Essay Example for Free

Attractive Nuisance Essay Whether Sherman, under the attractive nuisance doctrine, will likely prevail against Carlisle for multiple injuries he sustained in a fall from wooden steps of a tree house in disrepair while trespassing upon Carlisle’s property when: (1) Carlisle was aware that the neighborhood surrounding his property was populated with children; (2) a severe storm had damaged Carlisle’s property and exposed the previously concealed tree house; (3) Sherman was six years of age at the time of his injury; (4) Carlisle had little incentive to make repairs to the tree house prior to the storm because of its concealment; (5) immediately following the storm, Carlisle made arrangements with a contractor at a higher than average rate to make repairs to his property; and (6) Sherman was enticed to enter Carlisle’s land by construction materials and yellow caution tape and was unaware of the tree house until entering upon the property. Statement of Facts Carlisle has contacted our office seeking advice regarding an action against him for injuries suffered by a neighborhood boy, Sherman, while Sherman was trespassing upon his property. You have asked me to determine whether Sherman can prevail by proving Carlisle liable for his injuries. In 2005, Carlisle purchased â€Å"Fieldstone,† a two-acre estate sixty-five miles southwest of downtown Miami. Carlisle anticipated that his New York based company would expand into southern Florida and that he would eventually settle at Fieldstone. However, due to increased demands from his New York business, Carlisle has rarely spent more than two or three days at a time at Fieldstone, with long stretches in between. The estate, at the time of the incident, had been poorly maintained for quite some time and the backyard was vastly overgrown. Its unkempt condition appealed to Carlisle, however, as he looked forward to clearing the grounds himself. He was likewise intrigued by an abandoned tree house on the property that appeared structurally sound although in need of some repairs to its floorboards and slatted steps. The tree house was completely concealed by decades of overgrown foliage. Furthermore, Carlisle, who valued his privacy, was pleased that the property was protected by a high wooden fence, which concealed the residence, the yard, and the tree house from neighbors and passersby. Because of the tree house’s concealment and the security of the fence, Carlisle decided that the tree house did not require immediate repairs. None of Carlisle’s neighbors were aware of the tree house on his property. In October 2009, Fieldstone was severely damaged by a storm that swept the Florida coast. The back fence was weakened after being jarred by an uprooted tree and high winds stripped away most of the foliage that had concealed the tree house. As a result, the tree house was now visible from within the property, although it was still hidden from outside view. Carlisle made immediate efforts to hire work crews to make repairs. However, due to widespread damage across the greater Miami area, demand for services was extensive and most local contractors were charging very high rates. After contacting several contracting services, Carlisle finally made arrangements with a Broward County contractor, although at a higher than average rate. Less than two weeks after the storm, a subcontractor delivered building materials to Fieldstone and stacked them in the backyard. The work crew would be available in two or three weeks to begin repairs. In the meantime, Carlisle took short-term measures by posting several â€Å"no trespassing† signs conspicuously about the exterior and interior of his property. He also ran yellow caution tape around the tree house and building materials. Carlisle then returned to his business in New York. The next day, Sherman and three other neighborhood boys, all five to six years of age, were playing in an alley behind Carlisle’s property when their ball accidentally crashed into Fieldstone’s weakened back fence, breaking the slats and creating an opening to the yard. The children could see into the yard and were immediately attracted by the yellow caution tape and building materials. Upon entering the yard, they discovered the tree house. The tree house was inaccessible but for a frayed piece of rope that had once been part of a ladder. The rope was beyond the reach of Sherman and the others, so they swung themselves over the lower branches of the tree to reach the lower landing of the tree house. They successfully managed to hoist themselves onto the lower landing from where they began to run along the labyrinth-like walkways and steps in a race to reach the top of the tree house. Sherman was running ahead of the others but tumbled when one of the worn slatted steps splintered and gave way. Sherman fell a long distance to the ground and sustained multiple injuries. Discussion The attractive nuisance doctrine is based on the fundamental fact that children do not possess the same judgment or ability to recognize risk as adults. Johnson v. Wood, 155 Fla. 753, 21 So. 2d (Fla. 1945). Its purpose is to afford the trespassing child, where the elements of the doctrine are met, the same protection, applying the principles of ordinary negligence that would be afforded an invitee on the premises. Martinello v. B P USA, Inc., 566 So. 2d 762 (Fla. 1990). The burden of proof is upon the plaintiff to demonstrate that each element of the attractive nuisance doctrine is satisfied. Id. at 764. If the plaintiff proves each element of the doctrine, the defendant is then liable to the plaintiff for injuries caused by an artificial condition on the defendant’s property. Id. To establish attractive nuisance, a plaintiff must prove each of the following: (1) the place where the condition exists is one which the possessor knows or has reason to know that children are likely to trespass; (2) the condition is one in which the possessor knows or has reason to know and realizes or should realize will involve an unreasonable risk of death or serious bodily harm to such children; (3) the children, because of their youth, do not discover the condition or realize the risk involved in intermeddling with it or in coming within the area made dangerous by it; (4) the utility to the possessor of maintaining the condition and the burden of eliminating the danger are slight as compared with the risk to children involved; (5) the possessor fails to exercise reasonable care to eliminate the danger or otherwise to protect the children; and (6) the property owner entices the children upon the dangerous premises. Id. at 763. In this case, Sherman can easily prove that Carlisle knew or should have known that after the storm, neighborhood children were likely to trespass upon Fieldstone and that the tree house on the property was unsafe for children. Sherman can also prove that he was unaware of the risk involved in climbing the tree house because of his young age. It is unlikely, however, that Sherman can prove Carlisle’s burden to eliminate the danger was minor in comparison with the risk to children of climbing the tree house or that Carlisle failed to exercise reasonable care to eliminate the danger. And it is highly unlikely Sherman can prove he was enticed by the tree house to enter Carlisle’s property. A. Children Likely to Trespass To establish the likelihood of trespass, a plaintiff must show that a land owner knows or should know that the premises are in a neighborhood where young children â€Å"of immature years† play and that they will be attracted to the premises. Carter v. Livesay Window Co., 73 So. 2d 412 (Fla. 1954). Sherman can argue that Carlisle’s awareness of children within his neighborhood is sufficient for a court to find this element met. Furthermore, although Carlisle’s property was not under construction per se, it was under repair; in Carter, the court held that â€Å"in a residential neighborhood†¦it is common knowledge that children are as prone to play around houses under construction as monkeys prone to climb trees.† Id. at 413. Moreover, courts have found that the mere existence of children in a neighborhood where a dangerous condition exists is sufficient to satisfy this element. In re Estate of Starling, 451 So. 2d 518 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984); Ed Ricke Sons, Inc.v. Green, 609 So. 2d 508 (Fla. 1992). B. Unreasonable Risk to Children A plaintiff can satisfy the risk element by showing that a possessor of land knows or should know that a condition involves an unreasonable risk of death to children. In re Estate of Starling, 451 So. 2d at 518. In In re Estate of Starling, the defendant was aware that children frequently trespassed upon his property to swim in an excavated pond. Id. The defendant in that case left an underwater pump running that caused the plaintiff to drown. Id. at 519. Because the pump was concealed within the pool and the plaintiff was unaware of its existence, the court held that the pump constituted a concealed danger equivalent to a â€Å"man-made trap.† Id. Sherman can easily prove that Carlisle was aware of the dilapidated condition of the tree house and that it was unsafe for children. Sherman can further argue that the worn and slatted steps of the tree house were as deadly to children as â€Å"an extremely dangerous intake hose of sufficient size and strength to catch and hold a swimmer [underwater, drowning him].† Id. C. Inability to Realize Risk Because of Age A central objective of the attractive nuisance doctrine is to protect children of â€Å"tender years† by considering their inability to appreciate danger. Johnson, 155 Fla. 753, 21 So. 2d at 756. â€Å"[T]here is no definite age beyond which the [attractive nuisance doctrine] does not apply†¦however, as the child’s age increases, the conditions become fewer in which there can be recovery.† Lister v. Campbell, 371 So. 2d 136 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979). In Lister, the court concluded that the plaintiff, aged fourteen years and eleven months, possessed sufficient ability to understand and appreciate the danger involved in diving into two feet of water. Id. at 137. Given Sherman’s young age, he can easily prove that he was unable to realize the danger of climbing the tree house. Moreover, Sherman can prove that the warning signs Carlisle placed about his property were of no effect because in Nunnally v. Miami Herald Publ’g Co., 266 So. 2d 78 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972), the court noted that written warnings were of virtually no consequence to a plaintiff two years older than Sherman. Id. D. Burden of Eliminating Dangerous Condition Sherman will have difficulty proving that Carlisle’s burden to eliminate the danger of the tree house was slight as compared with its risk to trespassing children. Prior to the storm, Fieldstone was protected by a high perimeter fence that prevented trespass upon the property. In addition, because the tree house was concealed by foliage, no one within Carlisle’s neighborhood was aware of its existence. Given Carlisle’s busy schedule, it would have been inconvenient for him to make repairs that he regarded to be of low-priority. Therefore, Carlisle’s burden to eliminate the danger was far greater than the risk it presented to children based on a remote possibility of trespass. However, Carlisle’s burden shifted once the fence was damaged and the tree house was exposed by the storm. Carlisle then took immediate measures to eliminate the risk. By contrast, in Ed Ricke Sons, Inc., the Dade County Housing Authority was aware that over an eight-year period, a constantly renewed pool of scalding hot water flowing from a defective hot water in a public housing project was allowed to remain in an outdoors location easily accessible to children. Ed Ricke Sons, Inc. v. Green, 609 So. 2d at 508. This condition ultimately led to a child suffering burns over his entire body. Id. at 509. Analyzing this cost/benefit element, the court concluded that â€Å"[t]he cost of eliminating this nuisance would have been slight – certainly no more than the cost of installing a new hot water heater – compared with the enormous costs of caring for [the plaintiff child].† Id. E. Failure to Exercise Reasonable Care A land owner has a duty to take reasonable precautions to protect children from injury when a dangerous condition exists upon his property. In re Estate of Starling, 451 So. 2d at 521. Failure to exercise such care makes the land owner subject to liability for bodily harm to the trespassing child. Id. In this case, Carlisle arranged for services with a contractor at a higher than average rate to insure that repairs were made as soon as possible. Additionally, Carlisle made good faith efforts to warn potential trespassers by placing â€Å"keep out† signs conspicuously about his property. Given these facts, it is unlikely Sherman can prove that Carlisle failed to exercise reasonable care. F. Enticement Under the attractive nuisance doctrine, a child must be allured upon the premises of a land owner. Martinello, 566 So. 2d at 763; Concrete Constr., Inc., of Lake Worth v. Petterson, 216 So. 2d 223 (Fla. 1968). Should a child simply wander upon the property of another and suffer injury, absent an allegation that he was attracted by a condition existing within it, this element would not be met. Concrete Constr., Inc., of Lake Worth, 216 So. 2d at 222. Stated another way, if a child is injured by a condition other than the one that allured him to the premises and he is not allured to the condition causing his injury, this element cannot be satisfied. Nunnally, 266 So. 2d at 78. In Nunnally, a minor trespasser was chasing other children around a newspaper publishing building when he slipped and got his arm caught in a conveyor belt, resulting in injury. Id. The court rejected the boy’s claim under the attractive nuisance doctrine because â€Å"[at] the time of the injury, the min or plaintiff was not allured or attracted to†¦the conveyor belt.† Id. Moreover, it does not matter if a child is injured by a condition to which he is allured when that condition is different from the one that initially enticed him onto the property. Johnson v. Bathey, 376 So. 2d 848 (Fla. 1979). In Johnson, a child was allured to premises to collect surplus vegetables, but once upon the property, his attention shifted to an irrigation ditch wherein he was subsequently injured by a concealed pump. Id. The court rejected the boy’s claim because â€Å"[t]here is no doubt that [the child] was not allured onto the premises by the existence of the pump, because [he] didn’t even know about the pump until [he] had traveled some distance onto the property.† Id. In this case, Sherman was attracted onto Fieldstone by yellow caution tape and construction materials. The tree house, though exposed after the storm, was not visible from outside the property. Therefore, Sherman could not possibly have been attracted by something he could not see. Sherman was unaware of the tree house until entering upon the property; it follows naturally that he could not have been enticed by it. Since Sherman’s injuries resulted from running along the weathered steps of the tree house and not from running around the construction materials or caution tape, he will have great difficulty proving that this element is met. Sherman may argue that the tree house constitutes a concealed danger within Carlisle’s property. This argument, however, fails to satisfy the enticement element because concealed dangers must be contained within the condition of allurement. Mueller v. South Florida Water Management Dist., 620 So. 2d 789 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993). In Mueller, the plaintiff was injured when he ran into a concealed guardrail while riding his dirt bike on the landowner’s property. Id. In this case, the tree house caused Sherman’s injuries, but the tree house was not the condition that allured him to enter the premises nor was it a danger concealed within the caution tape and building materials, which were the conditions that initially allured him onto the property. Conclusion Sherman is unlikely to prevail against Carlisle under the attractive nuisance doctrine because he will be unable to prove each of the six elements. Sherman can easily prove that Carlisle was aware that neighborhood children were likely to trespass upon Fieldstone after the storm, that the exposed tree house was an unreasonable risk to children, and that he was unable to realize the risk of climbing the tree house because of his young age. However, Sherman will have difficulty proving that Carlisle’s utility to maintain the tree house was slight, especially since Carlisle’s burden to eliminate the danger increased by way of a natural means – the storm – as opposed to his own neglect. Furthermore, Sherman will have difficulty proving that Carlisle failed to exercise reasonable care due to the fact that he took immediate action to eliminate the danger, even incurring the financial hardship of voluntarily agreeing to a higher than average rate with a contractor to ensure the danger was eliminated as soon as possible. Lastly, it is very unlikely Sherman will prove that he was enticed upon the premises by the tree house because he was unaware of its existence until entering upon the property. It is for these reasons that a court is likely to find Carlisle not liable for Sherman’s injuries under the attractive nuisance doctrine.

Maureen Peal & Imitation of Life :: John M. Stahl, Film, Movie

Imitation of Life is about Peola Johnson, light skined black girl who tries to go through life as a white person. To achieve this she ostracises her family. She breaks all ties with her black mother and her culture and tries to fit into this community in which she really has no place. "It's because of you, you made me black! I won't be black!" The problems Maureen Peal and Peola Johnsson share are as serious as the ones the young blck girls have in the bluest yes. According to Sandy Flitterman-Lewis: In each film's representation of the transgressive woman-the black daughter who looks white, and who, because of the contradiction between being and seeming which defines her, can fit comfortably into neither culture-there is a correspondence between feminine sexuality and alterity which results in a sexualization of the radical 'otherness' of the black woman. (44) This is instrumental to the development of Pecola’s charater. This is also instrumental to the fate she meets in the end. Pecola and Peola are similar, not in their looks but in their situations. Pecola does also live between two worlds like Peola but in a different manner. Peolas’s problems are serious and the implictions are serious and extensive. According to Flitterman-Lewis, the mere term mulato brings up miscegenation, and theerfore leads people to think of â€Å"forbidden sexual relations and the impossible mixing of races" Flitterman-Lewis 46). Pauline is so immersed into images projected by the screen that her daughter is named after Peola. Nevermind that mother nor daughter is mulatto like Peola. Nornally a mother would not want her daughter to be in such situations yet Pauline names her daughter Pecola and embraces the beauty ideals and Maureen’s mother embraces the film. Maybe in someway she felt a kinship[ with Pecola because she would understand her position. Sources Blumler, J G & Elihu, K (1974) - Sage Annual Reviews of Communication Research Vol.3, The Uses of Mass Communication: Current perspectives on gratifications research. CA:Sage Christian, Barbara. Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition, 1892-1976.

Performance Appraisal Essay

Performance appraisal is a universal phenomenon with the organization is making judgement about one is working with and about oneself. It serves as a basic element of effective work performance. Performance appraisal is essential for the effective management and evaluation of staff. It aims to improve the organizational performance as well as individual development. Performance is an employee’s accomplishment of assigned work as specified in the critical and as measured against standards of the employee’s position. The term â€Å"Performance Appraisal† is concerned with the process of valuing person’s worth to an organisation with a view to increasing it. EXERCISE : STEP 1: Divide participant in group of 3. STEP 2 : Let them to select upon themselves a manager, an employee and an observer. STEP 3 : Assign each group with one scenario to begin with. STEP 4 : Each scenario will take approximately 5 min to play. STEP 5 : manager and employee has to take part in play and observer has to write down the Observations. STEP 6 : Observer has to focus on following questions – †¢ What worked? †¢ What didn’t? †¢ How did the â€Å"manager† shows caring during the play? †¢ How did the â€Å"employee† react to a caring approach? †¢ Was the manager candid with the employee? How? †¢ How did the employee react to the candid approach? †¢ Did a collaborative effort surface? Describe it? Different scenarios are : Scenario 1 : Was it that important? Manager : You’ve missed the three of those meetings during the last two quarter. Employee : But I thought they were optional. I’ve been missing meetings all week†¦. I never realise it as a problem Manager : Well I am telling you now your attendance is mandatory. But that’s not the only reason you scored low in this category†¦.. You also been consistently coming to work late. Employee : But I am always here by 8:15. The switchboard doesn’t even open until 8:30. Manager : ( Ad lib from here, and see where it takes you! ) Employee : ( Ad lib from here, and see where it takes you! ) Scenario 2 : Are you done yet? Manager : I know you are working hard on this report I assigned, but you keep getting them to me late. I can’t prepare next year’s budget unless I know exactly how much money each contract brought in this year. So you are going to have to get them into me by tomorrow afternoon, Okay? Employee : Sorry, sometime I have trouble prioritizing†¦.. I didn’t realised they were that important. Manager : Well, they are important, and I need your report on time from now on. Okay? Employee : ( Ad lib from here, and see where it takes you! ) Manager : ( Ad lib from here, and see where it takes you! ) In that manner we can assign different scenario to different groups. STEP 7 : Now the manager and employee are going to provide with a paper and they were asked to write down the behaviour of one other in role play. ( In this way manager appraise their employees performance and employee appraise their managers performance. ) STEP 8 : Finally observer has to share his observation with others.

Is Your Glass Half Full or Half Empty Essay

Shakespeare quotes â€Å"there is nothing good or bad but thinking makes it so. † These are words of wisdom, as Shakespeare had discovered centuries ago that are still relative to the daily events that occur for the average twenty-first century adult. People often waste too much time thinking about small negative aspects of their day which creates added stress that is not necessary. Like over analyzing every detail of a minor nuisance you’ve encountered. Stress from daily negative occurrences throughout the day everyday add up and have significant harmful effects on mental and physical health. Stress, however is subjective and lies in the eye of the beholder. Therefore stress really does not exist at all, it is all in your mind and you are the one that makes the decision to over analyze every little detail of a situation or not, which allows your thinking, perceptions, attitudes, and appraisals of events to determine what is stressful to you. What initially causes stress is anything that you look upon that is bad or negative in some way. It is how and what we perceive to be negative that brings upon stress on one’s daily life. A decision is based on one’s judgments of their own estimation of value, worth, and quality given a specific situation. According to Cannon-Bard’s theory of emotion, the response comes after the fear experience. Therefore one will experience fear, or stress from threats, illness, change, danger, pressure, conflict, long term frustration, or anxiety. Stress and fear can evolve from any form of threat that is real or perceived. Cognitive reactions are the result of Shakespeare’s quote, therefore the responses to stress after the initial threat or fear. Cognitive reactions teach you methods to change your perception of the way you think for future prevention. Neuroticism is the response that includes emotional, anxious, insecure, and vulnerable aspects regarding stress. Health consequences include both physical and psychological effects. Physical effects include hypertension, eating disorders, procrastination, low immune system, and high levels of cortisol. Psychological effects include impaired memory, impaired performance, and inability to respond to a situation. Health psychology is the most current approach to increase the potential of general well-being. Health psychologists believe in prevention rather than treatment. Therefore they help to predict the onset before an episode. Changing one’s behavior plays a huge role in the resolution of healthy living. Cognitive Therapy is the modern approach which involves changing the way you think and understanding the reason to abandon your old reasoning for a new different perspective on the same thought. The ABC model, where the B in the model stands for beliefs is the most crucial part when analyzing Shakespeare quote. The problem is that people have different believes, opinions, and perceptions of what is good and bad. Unconsciously we begin to form a belief system of what we believe is good and bad from parents, peers, and school. We use beliefs to interpret ourselves, other people and the world in general. In conclusion, the essence on Shakespeare’s quote is to never say anything bad about yourself therefore you avoid the entire idea of the negative pessimistic attitude. The power of positive thinking will change your perspective and feelings. From a cognitive perspective, you can create happiness by decreasing your negative thoughts and increasing your positive optimistic thoughts and views and reducing stress to live a healthy and positive life. When analyzing the question â€Å"is your glass half full or empty? † is hinting at how you view life in general either with an optimistic or pessimistic view. The decision is ultimately up to you.

Europe and the Scientific Revolution essays

Europe and the Scientific Revolution essays The Scientific Revolution brought many new ideas and beliefs not only to Europe but the entire world. The most widely influential was an epistemological transformation that we call the "Scientific Revolution." In the popular mind, we associate this revolution with natural science and technological change, but the scientific revolution was, in reality, a series of changes in the structure of European thought itself: systematic doubt, empirical and sensory verification, the abstraction of human knowledge into separate sciences, and the view that the world functions like a machine. These changes greatly changed the human experience of every other aspect of life, from individual life to the life of the group. This modification in worldview can also be charted in painting, sculpture, and architecture; you can see that people of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are looking at the world very differently. The Scientific Revolution brought about many changed in both biology and astron omy. The former was concerned with the basics of physiology and anatomy; the latter was concerned with the issue of the solar system. These (and other) developments tended to proceed along independent lines until the great scientific academies of the 18th century both brought them together and helped spread their findings to the rest of society. Copernicus was a man who played a significant role in this revolution. Before Copernicus was the Ptolemaic system. Ptolemy's model of the universe was accepted throughout the Middle Ages, though not without revision. His model was a little ragged at the edges and more accurate observations revealed discrepancies, particularly in regard to the movement of the planets. Using tables based on Ptolemy's model, medieval astronomers made predictions regarding the position of this or that planet and the planets did not show up on time. Even Ptolemy had known that the simplest model, which had each planet moving in a cir...

The Commonly Confused Words Explicit and Implicit

The Commonly Confused Words Explicit and Implicit In some contexts (as explained in the usage notes below), the words explicit and implicit are antonyms - that is, they have opposite meanings. Definitions The adjective explicit means direct, clearly expressed, readily observable, or laid out in full. The adverb form is explicitly.The adjective implicit means implied, unstated, or expressed indirectly. The adverb form is implicitly. Examples I gave you an explicit order. I expect to be obeyed.(James Carroll, Memorial Bridge. Houghton Mifflin, 1991)Most states consider sexually explicit images of minors to be child pornography, meaning even teenagers who share nude selfies among themselves can, in theory at least, be hit with felony charges that can carry heavy prison sentences and require lifetime registration as a sex offender.(Associated Press, Teen Sexting Prompts Efforts to Update Child Porn Laws. The New York Times, March 17, 2016)Love is one of those words that illustrate what happens to an old, overworked language. These days with movie stars and crooners and preachers and psychiatrists all pronouncing the word, its come to mean nothing but a vague fondness for something. In this sense, I love the rain, this blackboard, these desks, you. It means nothing, you see, whereas once the word signified a quite explicit thinga desire to share all you own and are with someone else.(John Updike, Tomorrow and Tomorrow and So Forth. The Early Stories: 1953-1975. Random House, 2003) You must listen carefully and critically to understand Snoops implicit message.In academia, implicit bias, or implicit racial bias as it is here, refers to subtle forms of possibly unintentional prejudice affecting judgment and social behavior.(Rose Hackman, Black Judge Effect: Study of Overturning Rates Questions If Justice Is Really Blind. The Guardian [UK], March 17, 2016) Usage Notes These two words come from the same Latin root meaning to fold. When something is explicit, its unfolded, laid open for people to see. Implicit is the opposite of that. It means folded in, in the sense that its meaning is covered or contained within something else and isnt explicit. . . .An explicit statement makes a point distinctly, openly, and unambiguously. . . . An explicit picture, book, film, etc. depicts nudity or sexuality openly and graphically. . . .When something is implicit, its implied, not plainly stated. . . . Implicit belief, implicit confidence, implicit faith, etc., involve having no doubts or reservations.(Stephen Spector, May I Quote You on That?: A Guide to Grammar and Usage. Oxford University Press, 2015)The words seem perfect antonyms- but for the unexpected fact that they join in implying that what they describe is undoubtable. Implicit trust is as firm as explicit trust because quite as real. Note that implicit makes its point absolutely but that implied req uires telltale loose ends (see imply, infer). . . . Tacit is often used in the same way as implicit. A tacit reconciliation is one that both parties acknowledge and act upon without speaking of it.(Wilson Follett, Modern American Usage: A Guide, rev. by Erik Wensberg. Hill and Wang, 1998) Practice (a) Though most people would agree that the media almost never deliver a message that explicitly encourages violence, some people argue that violence in the media carries the _____ message that violence is acceptable.(Jonathan L. Freedman, Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression, 2002)(b) Cigarette packs carry _____ health warnings. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) Though most people would agree that the media almost never deliver a message that explicitly encourages violence, some people argue that violence in the media carries the implicit message that violence is acceptable.(Jonathan L. Freedman, Media Violence and Its Effect on Aggression, 2002)(b) Cigarette packs carry explicit health warnings.

Change mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change mangement - Essay Example Joyce assembled a group with enough power to lead the change effort. She did this by increasing the number of staff and assigned a group of the staff members whose sole function was to carry out activities that facilitated change of management. She also encouraged teamwork within the groups. Joyce created a vision to help direct the change effort. This was done by laying out policies that indicated clear visions and goals that initiated change. She also improved on the initial strategies while developing new strategies for achieving that vision. She uses every possible channels and resources to communicate the new vision and strategies. By so doing, this process instilled new behaviors by the example of the Guiding Coalition. People issues were at the heart of change. Emotional and behavioral issues were identified, addressed, and discussed as they are emerged. This step is meant to remove obstacles that hinder change. Joyce changed systems and structures that undermine the vision of Qantas Airlines. She encouraged risk-taking and, activities, and actions that enabled achievement of the company’s visions and goals Joyce had to plan for visible performance improvements and facilitated the creation of those improvements. She also recognized and rewarded employees involved in the improvements by giving incentive, bonuses, and promotions. At this point, she used increased credibility to change systems, structures and policies that dont fit the vision. Joyce hired, promoted, and developed employees who could implement the vision. She Reinvigorate the process with new projects, themes, and change agents Finally, she had to articulate the connections between the new behaviors and organizational success and develop the means to ensure leadership development and succession. All this was embodied by Involving staff from all levels in the change. Involvement creates commitment and ownership. Identify informal leaders at every level

What Is 'Trust' (After Niklas Luhmann) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Is 'Trust' (After Niklas Luhmann) - Essay Example In his work he views trust as s very important sociological phenomenon that makes possible the functioning of individuals within society, and at the same time the very existence of this society. Beginning from the 1990s, the sociologists began developing the concept of trust as a key element of social relationships, and the upsurge of interest to the problem of trust is conditioned, among all, by certain characteristics of the modern society, those being more active position of people towards their own future, and at the same time the uncertainty of this future, increased interdependence of individuals and communities, multiple opportunities offered by social and technological development, and the risks connected with them. All these presuppose the necessity of trust for normal and efficient life and social functioning. Earlier, trust was often characterised as a purely personal attitude, but Luhmann regards is as an aspect of interpersonal relations and a motivating factor for individuals to act. For the scholar, trust is an important element of social, political, personal, and cultural life of any human being. For N. Luhmann, trust is, above all, the absence of sureness, and the result of the impossibility to predict the future. So, there is no wonder that that the key terms for Luhmann's understanding of the concept of trust are risk and uncertainty. He, however, offers a way to solve the contradiction between trust and certainty. The main problem when analysing the contemporary society is making no division between trust and non-trust. For Luhmann, there are two structural changes of paramount importance that are happening in the modern world: the diversification and insulation of the known and the unknown, and the growing tendency to substitute risk for danger, i.e. considering and envisaging all the dangerous consequences that may occur as a result of human actions or non-actions. Differentiating between trust and certainty, Niklas Luhmann pinpoints the fact that in the modern conditions of openness and lack of integration, the nature of relations between trust and certainty are changing. Certainty, for the researcher, is something that presupposes complete absence of any disappointment; whereas trust always takes into account some possible risks, or at least an element of risk. The main difference between trust and certainty depends on the peculiarities of personal perception and attitude. If a person does not consider any alternatives to some event of action, it means he is certain - that is, in the state of certainty. If, however, a person prefers one action or event to the rest that are potentially possible, this situation is described as a situation of trust. Therefore, even if there is a high possibility of disappointment, preferring a particular line of actions is referred to by Luhmann as trust. Consequently, it is impossible to either trust or not trust to something that is completely unknown. "[T]rust is only possible in a familiar world; it needs history as a reliable background"1. Only awareness of how the things are (familiarity) makes both trust and distrust possible - it makes any expectations possible, however it does not guarantee that what we are expecting is going to happen. Awareness is not knowledge of how somebody will act, or what